George Orwell 1984 Questions free essay sample

By George Orwell QuestionsJayson Papa 1. Re read pages 3-6 and describe the setting/atmosphere in your own words The first few chapters of  1984  are devoted to introducing the major characters and themes of the novel. These chapters also acquaint the reader with the harsh and oppressive world in which, Winston Smith lives in. It is from Winston’s perspective that the reader witnesses the brutal physical and psychological cruelties brought upon the people by their government. The tone, setting and atmosphere in the opening pages are recurring throughout the whole book and for most of the book the same tone remains. The overall tone of the book is dark, pessimistic, gloomy, cynical and undesirable, especially in the first few pages. It is a slow paced first few pages which reiterate the dark and gloomy tone as every day in London is surrounded and captured by miserable weather. The slow paced and gloomy tone matches Winston’s attitude and actions. The facilities and buildings are run downed and old and are described as grey and dull of colour. . What might change in your life if you â€Å"had to live†¦in the assumption that every sound you made was overheard, and, except in darkness, every moment scrutinised† how does Winston react to/live with these conditions? There is a definite perceived fear amongst not only Winston, but everyone who isn’t a part of the party. If Big Brother announces that everything people do or say is overheard or seen by Big brother and the thought police then people do believe it. Even though it may not be true, people still believe that it could be true therefore behave as if it is true. Winston soon believes that the loss of passion and purpose in life is possibly more terrifying than death itself. Many reasons why Winston rebels is due to his memory. His memory of things being different and better at one time has made it impossible for him to obey the party. Winston accepts his defeat, however his main concern and goal is to help the future generation, he does this by writing in his diary, along with sharing knowledge he gains throughout the book. Winston and Julia combine to rebel against the party however Julia rebels for different reasons to Winston. 3. When you read the novel for the first time, did you follow the footnote on p. 6 and read the appendix on newspeak? Why or why not? I did not follow the footnote or read the appendix as I was more interested in the storyline then possibly becoming confused by the footnote. I did not understand the principles of newspeak at the time, however I was sure that it would be mentioned numerous amounts of time later on in the novel and this would allow me to understand it and its principles. Newspeak is definitely a crucial aspect in understanding what Winston does for a living along with the aims of the party. . a – Explain based on re reading pages 6 and 7, what you think the purpose of each of the ministries were and what kind of methods they might use in their day to day operations based on the descriptions found in these two pages. In 1984, there were four different ministries, all of which served a different purpose. The first ministry revealed was the Ministry of Truth, which wa s described as â€Å"startlingly different from any other object in sight† as it was an enormous pyramidal structure soaring 300 metres into the air. The Ministry of Truth had three slogans painted on one face of the building in elegant lettering, those slogans read: â€Å"WAR IS PEACE†, â€Å"FREEDOM IS SLAVERY†, AND â€Å"IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH†. The Ministry of Truth concerned itself with news, entertainment, education and the fine arts. The second ministry described, was the Ministry of Peace which concerned itself with war. The Ministry of Love proceeded after, and was said to maintain law and order. Lastly revealed was the Ministry of Plenty, which was responsible for economic affairs. The Ministry of Love is described as the most ‘frightening one’ as there were no windows in it at all. Winston has never been in or near the Ministry of Love as it was supposedly ‘impossible’ to enter except on official business. To add to the Ministry of Loves daunting features, the building was surrounded by barbed wire, steel doors and machine guns. The streets leading up to the Ministry of Love were roamed by guards in black uniforms armed with truncheons. With such a harsh description, one would imagine that inside the Ministry of Love, much interrogation and torture would take place. Many would believe that the Ministry of Love is ironically named. However, the term ‘love’ is accurate as the purpose is to instil love of big brother. 4. b Why do you think the ministries are given seemingly ironic name? The reason for the ministries being named ironically is to give the rest of the community a sense of security. Big Brother attempts to portray himself as a leader who wants only good for his people. However the party does this in a way that forces people to believe this. The Ministry of Love portrays itself to the people like a ministry dedicated to helping people in need, however in fact it is a prison, devoted to capturing people who are against the party and shaping them into better party members via torture in room 101. The next ministry, the Ministry of Truth, depicts itself as a ministry that will preserve history however it is a ministry where the truth is manipulated to conform the standards of the party. The Ministry of Plenty presents itself as a ministry that offers goods and services. However, it is actually a ministry that controls the food rations to the point of starvation. The last ministry, the Ministry of Peace, displays itself as a ministry that attempts to deal with peace and war in a humane way however it wages an endless war against â€Å"enemies†. 5. For whom†¦was [Winston] writing this diary? Why do you think Orwell was writing 1984 Winston believes that he has lost the battle against big brother. For his lifestyle that he had in his youth had been taken away from him, however, he constantly replays these memories in his head. Winston’s goal is to educate the future on how life used to be. Winston hopes that his diary will be passed on and he hopes his stories are spread throughout the future generation, as he is against the party and what they stand for, especially newspeak. As it is mentioned in the novel, by the year 2050, no one will remember proper English (Oldspeak) as newspeak will â€Å"narrow the range of thought, as no human in the year of 2050 will understand the conversation occurring at this time† as Syme describe. This is also a long term goal for Winston, to keep Oldspeak alive. Orwell wrote the book, to warn the future generation, much like Winston, about the possibility and probability of every move, action and work spoken is seen or overheard. Orwell highlights the possibility of no free will, and that one day we will all live under an authoritarian government. 6. How is mass hatred of Goldstein generated and sustained The main technique used by Big Brother in persuading the mass to direct hatred towards Goldstein is to conduct a two minutes hate. The two minutes hate is an operation conducted by Big Brother every morning at 11:00 am. The reason that the two minutes hate is so powerful is because hatred makes people to stick together to form a community. Goldstein is portrayed as the enemy, the one who deceives and takes from the community and from Big Brother himself. The two minutes hate is a constant reminder of the deceitfulness of Goldstein, and due to the two minutes hate being so powerful and enticing, people are obliged to join in. 7. What is the political purpose of this? The political purpose is quite simple. We do not know if the existence of Goldstein is true or not, however Big Brother uses Goldstein as a scapegoat. Big brother uses Goldstein in order to gain respect and trust and ultimately love. Goldstein is portrayed as a betrayer and a taker, and this allows Big Brother the opportunity gain respect from his people. The two minutes hate is in order to unite people as a community and to expel hatred for Goldstein and to make people subconsciously show love towards big brother. 8. What is fatalism? How is Winston fatalistic with regards to his approach to the diary writing? Fatalism is the thought or belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable. Winston writes his diary in order to prevent this thought of â€Å"inevitability†. Winston is too old to change his lifestyle however his ultimate goal in writing the diary is to educate the future. Winston knows that Big Brother will become stronger, and Newspeak will live on, however If there is a chance in Oldspeak surviving, Winston is willing to contribute and help.

True Love in Othello free essay sample

A look at the role love plays in Shakespeares Othello. The author of this paper traces the subject of love through many Shakespeare works. Sonnets and plays are examined. The author then puts an emphasis on Othello and includes lavish quotes from the play in an attempt to describe loves role in the action and characters. Other than in Romeo and Juliet, which is a romantic tragedy, love plays a part in Othello more than in any of Shakespeares other tragedies. Othello and Desdemona are presumed to be in love. Roderigo chases after the love of Desdemona. Iago is jealous of the love between Othello and Desdemona and Iagos plots are all based on proving to Othello that Desdemona and Cassio are in love. Although love clearly plays a large role in the play, it is debatable whether this love is true love. This is especially true for the love between Othello and Desdemona. We will write a custom essay sample on True Love in Othello or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to determine what Shakespeare intended their love to be perceived as, it is possible to look at how Shakespeare has defined true love in other works. According to his definition, clearly Othellos love for Desdemona is not true love, however; Desdemonas love for Othello, is indeed true love that remains unbroken throughout the play.

The song Hurt Essay Example For Students

The song Hurt Essay The song, Hurt is based on internal conflicts within a person, regret, and experiences with her loved one, which will lead to conflicts and regret. The author has given the signals of these thematic features by the word choice and the general tone. The lyrics are shaped by the thoughts of the character, which is facing difficult emotional situations because of the past decisions that she made; which is leading to face herself and make new decisions under the reflection of her experiences. The speaker in the song is having internal conflicts because of the decisions made in her past and their reflection in her current life. It can be seen that she questions herself: Would you tell me I was wrong, would you help me understand, are you looking down upon me, are you proud of who I am? . The character has been hurt, she also acknowledges the hurt of other person as well and she tries to delude herself by trying to feel the asset of the person she lost by asking questions with the awareness of she will not get an answer. We will write a custom essay on The song Hurt specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She is constantly using would, in terms of her longing and the things which she wants to do by shaping them with undertaking statements. She is responsible and aware of her apathy against the other side, as we can see in: Ive hurt myself by hurting you and she is looking for another chance to turn back in time because of her depressed mood and internal conflicts, as can be seen in: Some days I feel broke inside. Her tries are being seen by her internal conflicts and her past, reflecting on her present decisions. Hurt has a tone of regret, and how it effects the acts and emotional acceptations and expectations of the character. This feeling of regret is shown with the word would being repeated, and it can be seen in I would hold you in my arms, I would take the pain away The song contains many verbs with past tenses which are showing the things she was not able to do and this puts her under a passive composition. The song is named as Hurt and this is making transmissions to the characteristics leading into flaws and regret. Blaming and being sorry is being repeated in the song and these are showing the contrast between past and present. She is also trying to turn back in time and this is the concrete evidence of her regretting her acts towards the person she is misses today. The character in the song is getting out with a message for herself by the effect of her current state of mind. These are letting her seek through the future and they are drawing a path back to her memories. We can see her past and what choices she made in You told me how proud you were, but I walked away. If only I knew, what I know today Her past is the reason of her regretting and it is wrapping her up with conflicts and they are acting upon her decisions and the situation that she is in today. The character is kind of getting effected by flashbacks and her yesterday. The general motifs of missing and regret are effecting what she is aiming; wishing today and this can be seen from the tone of the author. In the song, the character is going through a period in her life, where she faces herself because of her past decisions leading into regrets and she is able to make new judgments with the awareness of her experiences. Listeners witness the mood of the speaker of the song with the help of thematic features which reflect the melancholic state that she is in.

Essay Sample - Become A Powerful Business Opportunity!

Essay Sample - Become A Powerful Business Opportunity!Business owners are continuously looking for a good product to sell, and there are many options available to them when it comes to the business entity. However, not all of these businesses are necessarily successful. It is vital that business owners gain enough knowledge and insights about the business as well as the product in order to be able to provide excellent solutions to their customers.As part of this, you will need to submit an essay sample to the MBA Business School in order to do this. This is a very helpful option, and it allows your business to have access to a reputable school with relevant experience. The essay sample can be an excellent resource for your business' opportunity to know about the market and product, and can help you discover if your business is suited for the market.There are various approaches to marketing a product, such as advertising on TV, radio, or through the Internet. Advertising is a very com mon method to help business owners to advertise their products. However, it is imperative that you are able to create a unique advertisement, so as to effectively advertise your business.An essay sample will provide you with a great way to learn about the essentials of marketing, such as effective marketing strategies, how to effectively market your business to the public, and how to create a fantastic and effective advertisement. Moreover, it can also help you determine the real requirements and needs of your target audience. For example, you can obtain information about the demographics of your audience, and then you can develop an advertisement that best meets these requirements.What is more, when you consider that you are enrolled in a seminar program in booth me, this will definitely help you learn a lot about the MBA Business School. In addition, you will be able to acquire feedback from MBA graduates who will be in attendance. This will help you learn how to help improve your business. This will be beneficial to you and your business.Also, it is essential that you have the support of your faculty, advisors, and others when you enroll in booth mba. They will help you discover the real needs of your target audience, and guide you to develop an effective business strategy. Moreover, they will also give you feedback on how well you have developed the business.By submitting an essay sample, you are also gaining access to free training courses, and many other benefits. In this regard, you will be able to fully realize the advantages of the MBA Business School and the seminar.

Supporting Goals of International Women’s Day Essays

Supporting Goals of International Women’s Day Essays Supporting Goals of International Women’s Day Essay Supporting Goals of International Women’s Day Essay The popular image of women’s liberation and emancipation in the United States is that of bra burning females of the 1960’s. Burning of items of feminine wear on 7 September 1968 has been permanently etched into American women liberation history as a revolution though writers as Berkeley (1999) conclude that this was an innocuous sub event in the overall protests by members of New York Radical Women. From this glamorized event to the more substantial issue of International Women’s Day, America as well as the World has come a long way. The Eighth of March every year sees the world celebrating International Women’s Day (IWD). This is a significant event and 2007 will mark the 30th anniversary of IWD. The UN established IWD in 1977 and provides an opportunity to celebrate the progress made in empowering women and to assess future challenges. IWD encourages the world to consider steps to bring about equality for women and girls in all th eir diversity and to celebrate the collective power of women past, present and future. International Women’s Day, recognizes both the great strides women have made and the critical need to end discrimination and violence against women globally. It is therefore significant that a Resolution was introduced in the US House of Representatives on 8 February 2007 supporting the goals of the IWD and â€Å"encourages† the President of the US â€Å"reaffirm his commitment to pursue policies to protect fundamental human rights and civil liberties, particularly those of women and girls.† (Resolution, 2006). The Foreign Affairs Committee of the US House of Representatives on 8 February passed House Resolution No. 149, a resolution sponsored by the Democrat Representative from Illinois, Jan Schakowsky.   The bill had 83 co-sponsors, a majority of whom were Democrats. The Resolution calls on the US House of Representatives to support the goals of International Women’s Day, honour women around the world who have fought and continue to struggle for equality in the face of adversity, and reaffirm its commitment to ending discrimination and violence against women and to pursuing policies that guarantee the basic human rights of women and girls both in the United States and in other countries.   The resolution also encourages the President to reaffirm his commitment to pursue policies to protect the health and human rights of women and girls; and to issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to observe March 8th, International Women’s Day, with appropriate programs and activities.   The resolution will now go to the full House for a vote. This resolution was considered in Committee, which has recommended that the House as a whole should consider it. Although the Resolution has been placed on a calendar of busine ss, the majority party leadership will determine the order in which bills are considered and voted on. On February 15, 2007 the House Foreign Affairs committee ordered it to be reported by Voice Vote. This bill is in the first stage of the legislative process where the bill is considered in committee and may undergo significant changes in Mark Up sessions. The bill has been referred to the Committee in the House on Foreign Affairs and House Judiciary. In the US House of Representatives, a simple resolution is a legislative proposal that does not require the approval of the other chamber or the signature of the President and does not have the force of law. Simple resolutions are used only to change the internal rules of one of the chambers of Congress or to express the sentiments of one of the houses. On February 8, 2007 the Bill was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. On February 15, it was put up for Committee Consideration and a Mark-up Session was held. It is of interest that on the same day Eddie Bernice Johnson as a Democrat from Texas introduced a resolution (No. 146) in the Foreign Affairs Committee expressing the sense of the House that the United States should take action to meet its obligations, and to ensure that all other member states of the United Nations meet their obligations, to women as agreed to in United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325. This related to women, peace, and security. The Resolution also states that the United States should fully assume the implementation of international law relating to human rights that protects the rights of women and girls during and after conflicts. Resolution no. 149 in its present form envisages empowering women globally. It is recognised that women have advanced and they account for 80 per cent of the world’s 70 million micro-borrowers, 75 per cent of the 28,000 United States loans supporting small businesses in Afghanistan are made to women, and 11 women are chief executive officers of Fortune 500 companies. (Resolution, 2006). The Sponsor of the Resolution aptly noted while introducing it in the House. She said it was important for Congress to put on record this resolution, which supported the goals of equality and opportunity and added that it was â€Å"a meaningful step.†Ã‚   (Press Release, 2007). It is acknowledged that women have made tremendous gains across the world, but the reality is that women still face political and economic obstacles, struggle for basic rights, face the threat of discrimination, and are targets of violence all over the world. But worldwide women remain vastly underrepresented in national and local assemblies, accounting on average for less than 10 per cent of the seats in parliament, except for in East Asia where the figure is approximately 18 to 19 per cent, and in no developing region do women hold more than 8 per cent of the ministerial positions. Additionally, it should be noted that worldwide, 130,000,000 girls and young women have been subjected to female genital mutilation and estimates are that 10,000 girls are at risk of being subjected to this practice in the United States. (Resolution, 2006). According to the Congressional Research Service and the US Department of State, illegal trafficking in women and children for forced labor, domestic servitude, or sexual exploitation involves between 1,000,000 and 2,000,000 women and children each year, of whom 50,000 are transported into the United States. This is a real challenge facing the sole superpower in the world today.   International policies on women have evolved through interaction of a number of processes. Taking the example of European Union, it can be seen that despite being new coagulation of states the policy for greater autonomy to women was evolved through the process of a number of factors such as autonomy of institutions, state autonomy, policy structuring, influence of past policies and factors which are beyond the preferences of states. (Ellina, 2003). Thus the growth of International Women’s Day movement is not restricted to United States but extends across the entire Western World. The United States must follow the lead though on the issue of women’s rights the record in the US is mixed. One might take one example. The 19th Amendment to the Constitution was first introduced in the US Congress in January 1878. The Amendment was ratified on August 18, 1920. But it took 52 years for the 19th Amendment to be ratified. The Women’s rights and liberation movement has a very long history. This can be traced back to as early as 1848 and continues to the present day. (D’Itri, 1999). Jane Austen was the proverbial women liberator who kept writing novels more for poseterity while attempting to keep the writings hidden from her relations (Lloyd, 1971). But ladies were particularly active in activities such as raising funds through charity bazaars throughout history (Lloyd, 1971).Between 1878 and 1920, champions of voting rights for women worked tirelessly, but their strategies varied for achieving the goal. Some women focused on a strategy of getting the government to pass suffrage acts in each state – nine western states had adopted woman suffrage legislation by 1912. Others took the path of legal action by challenging in the courts male-only voting laws. Many suffrage groups used tactics such as parades, silent vigils, and hunger strikes. There are no simple patterns to voting on women in the US Congress. As awareness grows in the national and state legislatures the voting model may also become more complex. Therefore it should not be assumed that the voting pattern regarding women, children, health and so on will be the same as in the case of foreign affairs or strategic defence matters. One should then look beyond the liberal-conservative model on this issue and see the emergence of a consensus on the issue of supporting the international women’s day as a matter of national US policy. This is what makes one suggest that this resolution might be passed in the Congress as a bill giving US women a major role in the global women’s movement. What this depends on is whether the ideological divide in the US Congress can be bridged progress made on this issue keeping in mind its multi-dimensional aspects. The fructification of focus on the International Women’s Day is thus the result of a large number o f men as well as women over more than 150 years of history (D’Itri, 1999). The US Congress thus needs to support the motion most vehemently.

Land Grabbing in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Land Grabbing in Africa - Essay Example Land grabbing in East Africa causes imbalance between the efforts to build sustainable systems that comprehensively try to resolve land-related tensions and interests, as well as pursuits to economic development (Palmer, 2012). Due to this, Heads of States of Africa and Governments have adopted Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in East Africa. This is to inspire and prompt countries to develop land policies that take into account their particular needs. The presence of continental framework and guidelines and normative instruments like the 11 principles laid out on the Right to Food by the UN Special Rapporteur ensure economic development without weakening the development of any population group. The World Bank plays a greater role in the land grabbing in East Africa. It refers to the land grabbing as agro-investment and makes room for it by creating seven voluntary principles to make the practice of agro-investment responsible. All the seven principles are supposed to safeguard the East Africa’s land from being grabbed. However, this is just a mirage, for these principles are not adhered to, they are just there as beautifying statements. This, therefore, makes the transactions regarding land negative for both the buyer of the land and the seller. Wealthy States are the main causes of the increase in rural poverty that drives many people off the land that they have for generations farmed (Pearce, 2012). For example, there are major environmental and agricultural damage along River Niger caused by the International Land Coalition. This is a global network of civil society and farmers’ organization. Forestry and small scale farming that protects food, unique wildlife and heritage is slowly being converted to wastelands that only profit agribusinesses. Multinational companies in a greater number that vastly exceed the usage by the local communities are using natural resources. As a result, the land’s

Discuss Strategies Adopted By Domestic or Foreign Firms in China to Essay

Discuss Strategies Adopted By Domestic or Foreign Firms in China to Reduce Turnover of Their Staff and Assess the Effectiveness of Specific Measures - Essay Example This essay stresses that the major factor driving the staff turnover rate to increase somewhat incessantly indicates to the demographic factors of the Chinese economy, which comprises of low cost Chinese labour and the behaviour of the employees, giving much emphasis on their salary structure. The fact was further justified when the HR professionals of China reported that in the early years of 2000s, around 73% of the employees on an average, in China, had resigned from their previous jobs and moved to the other because of a higher pay structure. This discussion declares that apart from stating the reasons for the Chinese employees to leave the job, the HR professionals of China have also stated that the implementation of strategies focused on high employee satisfaction is the best method to deal with the ongoing problem of increment in the staff turnover. The various organisations are also struggling hard to retain their employees by implementing effective organisational strategies for the reduction of staff turnover rate. The continuous increase in the employee turnover rates has evidently emerged as a major barrier to the effective performance of both domestic as well as the foreign firms of China. Although the problem’s epicentre is same, the strategies adopted by the two groups have been observed as quite different. The Chinese firms usually believe that the best strategy of retaining the employees is to provide them with the best deals in comparison to those offered by other employers.... In this essay, the key area of study have been concentrated on the identification of the strategies adopted by the domestic as well as the foreign firms in China for reducing their staff turnover rates and subsequently, assessing the measurable effectiveness of those strategies in the current scenario of the economy. Discussion Strategies Adopted by Domestic firms for Reducing Staff Turnover The continuous increase in the employee turnover rates has evidently emerged as a major barrier to the effective performance of both domestic as well as the foreign firms of China. Although the problem’s epicentre is same, the strategies adopted by the two groups have been observed as quite different. For instance, to ensure better retention of the productive professionals in the organisation and mitigate the issue of increasing staff turnover rates, domestic firms in China have adopted certain distinctive strategies at organisational level, which principally focus on pay structure design efficiency, better training and developmental aids to ensure performance satisfaction to the employees and enrich management-employee relations. The Chinese firms usually believe that the best strategy of retaining the employees is to provide them with the best deals in comparison to those offered by other employers (Ferreira & Alon, n.d.). Few of these strategies that the Chinese firms have adopted for reducing the issues of staff turnover have been explained below. Considering the fact that a majority of employees decide to leave their current job being influenced by the pay hikes they shall obtain from joining another organisation, domestic firms in China often tend to emphasise regular pay hikes and increments to be delivered to their employees. In many